From a45dad3d83b8f52ae368a0aec72ec97c0700a881 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stanislav Alekseev <43210583+WeetHet@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 14:15:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] 107, 111 (#38)

---
 107-even_odd_palindrome.dfy | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 111-histogram.dfy           | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 README.md                   |  4 +--
 REMAINING.md                |  3 +-
 4 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 107-even_odd_palindrome.dfy
 create mode 100644 111-histogram.dfy

diff --git a/107-even_odd_palindrome.dfy b/107-even_odd_palindrome.dfy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6565595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/107-even_odd_palindrome.dfy
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+predicate is_palindrome(n: nat) {
+  var s := natToString(n);
+  forall i | 0 <= i < |s| :: s[i] == s[|s|-1-i]
+}
+
+method even_odd_palindrome(n: nat) returns (even: nat, odd: nat)
+  // post-conditions-start
+  ensures even == |set i | 0 <= i <= n && i % 2 == 0 && is_palindrome(i)|
+  ensures odd == |set i | 0 <= i <= n && i % 2 == 1 && is_palindrome(i)|
+{
+  // impl-start
+  even := 0;
+  odd := 0;
+  ghost var even_pal := {};
+  ghost var odd_pal := {};
+
+  var i := 0;
+  while i <= n
+    // invariants-start
+    invariant 0 <= i <= n + 1
+    invariant even_pal == set j | 0 <= j < i && j % 2 == 0 && is_palindrome(j)
+    invariant odd_pal == set j | 0 <= j < i && j % 2 == 1 && is_palindrome(j)
+
+    invariant even == |even_pal|
+    invariant odd == |odd_pal|
+    // invariants-end
+  {
+    if is_palindrome(i) {
+      if i % 2 == 0 {
+        even := even + 1;
+        even_pal := even_pal + {i};
+      } else {
+        odd := odd + 1;
+        odd_pal := odd_pal + {i};
+      }
+    }
+    i := i + 1;
+  }
+  assert even_pal == set i | 0 <= i <= n && i % 2 == 0 && is_palindrome(i);
+  assert odd_pal == set i | 0 <= i <= n && i % 2 == 1 && is_palindrome(i);
+}
+
+type stringNat = s: string |
+|s| > 0 && (|s| > 1 ==> s[0] != '0') &&
+forall i | 0 <= i < |s| :: s[i] in "0123456789"
+witness "1"
+
+function natToString(n: nat): stringNat {
+match n
+case 0 => "0" case 1 => "1" case 2 => "2" case 3 => "3" case 4 => "4"
+case 5 => "5" case 6 => "6" case 7 => "7" case 8 => "8" case 9 => "9"
+case _ => natToString(n / 10) + natToString(n % 10)
+}
+
+function stringToNat(s: stringNat): nat
+decreases |s|
+{
+if |s| == 1 then
+    match s[0]
+    case '0' => 0 case '1' => 1 case '2' => 2 case '3' => 3 case '4' => 4
+    case '5' => 5 case '6' => 6 case '7' => 7 case '8' => 8 case '9' => 9
+else
+    stringToNat(s[..|s|-1])*10 + stringToNat(s[|s|-1..|s|])
+}
+
+lemma natToStringThenStringToNatIdem(n: nat)
+ensures stringToNat(natToString(n)) == n
+{
+}
diff --git a/111-histogram.dfy b/111-histogram.dfy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f226917
--- /dev/null
+++ b/111-histogram.dfy
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+method count(a: seq<int>) returns (biggest: map<int, int>)
+  // post-conditions-start
+  ensures forall i :: 0 <= i < |a| && a[i] in biggest ==> 
+    biggest[a[i]] == |set j | 0 <= j < |a| && a[j] == a[i]|
+  ensures forall i, j :: 0 <= i < |a| && 0 <= j < |a| && a[i] in biggest ==>
+    biggest[a[i]] >= |set k | 0 <= k < |a| && a[k] == a[j]|
+  ensures forall i, j :: 0 <= i < |a| && 0 <= j < |a| && a[i] in biggest && a[j] in biggest ==>
+    biggest[a[i]] == biggest[a[j]]
+  // post-conditions-end
+{
+  // impl-start
+  if |a| == 0 {
+    return map[];
+  }
+  var cnt := map[];
+  ghost var positions := map[];
+  var i := 0;
+  while i < |a|
+    // invariants-start
+    invariant 0 <= i <= |a|
+    invariant forall j :: 0 <= j < i ==> a[j] in positions && positions[a[j]] == set k | 0 <= k < i && a[k] == a[j]
+    invariant forall j :: 0 <= j < i ==> a[j] in cnt && cnt[a[j]] == |positions[a[j]]|
+    invariant forall j :: j in positions ==> forall k :: k in positions[j] ==> k < i
+
+    invariant forall x :: x in positions ==> x in a[..i]
+    invariant forall x :: x in positions ==> x in cnt && cnt[x] == |positions[x]|
+    invariant forall x :: x in cnt ==> x in positions
+    // invariants-end
+  {
+    if a[i] in cnt {
+      ghost var pre := positions[a[i]];
+      positions := positions[a[i] := pre + {i}];
+      cnt := cnt[a[i] := cnt[a[i]] + 1];
+    } else {
+      positions := positions[a[i] := {i}];
+      cnt := cnt[a[i] := 1];
+    }
+    i := i + 1;
+  }
+  var maxCount := cnt[a[0]];
+  biggest := map[a[0] := maxCount];
+  i := 1;
+  while i < |a|
+    // invariants-start
+    invariant 0 <= i <= |a|
+    invariant forall j :: 0 <= j < |a| ==> a[j] in cnt
+    invariant forall j :: 0 <= j < i ==> a[j] in cnt && maxCount >= cnt[a[j]] 
+    invariant exists j :: 0 <= j < i && a[j] in cnt && cnt[a[j]] == maxCount 
+    invariant forall j :: 0 <= j < i ==> cnt[a[j]] == maxCount ==> a[j] in biggest
+    invariant forall x :: x in biggest ==> x in cnt && cnt[x] == maxCount
+    invariant forall x :: x in biggest ==> biggest[x] == cnt[x]
+    // invariants-end
+  {
+    if cnt[a[i]] > maxCount {
+      maxCount := cnt[a[i]];
+      biggest := map[a[i] := maxCount];
+    } else if cnt[a[i]] == maxCount {
+      biggest := biggest[a[i] := maxCount];
+    }
+    i := i + 1;
+  }
+  // impl-end
+}
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e79b115..fde3fd2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -109,11 +109,11 @@ Current status:
 - [x] 104. unique_digits - sorting
 - [x] 105. by_length - sorting
 - [x] 106. f
-- [ ] 107. even_odd_palindrome
+- [x] 107. even_odd_palindrome
 - [x] 108. count_nums
 - [x] 109. move_one_ball
 - [x] 110. exchange
-- [ ] 111. histogram
+- [x] 111. histogram
 - [x] 112. reverse_delete
 - [ ] 113. odd_count
 - [x] 114. minSubArraySum
diff --git a/REMAINING.md b/REMAINING.md
index b9e9ea9..7288c22 100644
--- a/REMAINING.md
+++ b/REMAINING.md
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ Current status:
 - [ ] 79. decimal_to_binary
 - [ ] 90. next_smallest - nullable
 - [ ] 103. rounded_avg
-- [ ] 107. even_odd_palindrome
-- [ ] 111. histogram
+- [ ] 113. odd_count
 - [ ] 119. match_parens
 - [ ] 124. valid_date
 - [ ] 129. minPath