diff --git a/schema/compose-spec.json b/schema/compose-spec.json
index 335cbe09..a95b9415 100644
--- a/schema/compose-spec.json
+++ b/schema/compose-spec.json
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
     "include": {
       "type": "array",
       "items": {
-        "type": "object",
         "$ref": "#/definitions/include"
       },
       "description": "compose sub-projects to be included."
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@
                 "pull": {"type": ["boolean", "string"]},
                 "target": {"type": "string"},
                 "shm_size": {"type": ["integer", "string"]},
-                "extra_hosts": {"$ref": "#/definitions/list_or_dict"},
+                "extra_hosts": {"$ref": "#/definitions/extra_hosts"},
                 "isolation": {"type": "string"},
                 "privileged": {"type": ["boolean", "string"]},
                 "secrets": {"$ref": "#/definitions/service_config_or_secret"},
@@ -216,7 +215,25 @@
           ]
         },
         "device_cgroup_rules": {"$ref": "#/definitions/list_of_strings"},
-        "devices": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "uniqueItems": true},
+        "devices": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "oneOf": [
+              {"type": "string"},
+              {
+                "type": "object",
+                "required": ["source"],
+                "properties": {
+                  "source": {"type": "string"},
+                  "target": {"type": "string"},
+                  "permissions": {"type": "string"}
+                },
+                "additionalProperties": false,
+                "patternProperties": {"^x-": {}}
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
         "dns": {"$ref": "#/definitions/string_or_list"},
         "dns_opt": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}, "uniqueItems": true},
         "dns_search": {"$ref": "#/definitions/string_or_list"},
@@ -249,7 +266,7 @@
           ]
         },
         "external_links": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "uniqueItems": true},
-        "extra_hosts": {"$ref": "#/definitions/list_or_dict"},
+        "extra_hosts": {"$ref": "#/definitions/extra_hosts"},
         "group_add": {
           "type": "array",
           "items": {
@@ -483,11 +500,11 @@
             },
             "additionalProperties": false,
             "patternProperties": {"^x-": {}}
-          },
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "patternProperties": {"^x-": {}}
+          }
         }
-      }
+      },
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "patternProperties": {"^x-": {}}
     },
     "deployment": {
       "id": "#/definitions/deployment",
@@ -854,6 +871,22 @@
       ]
     },
 
+    "extra_hosts": {
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "patternProperties": {
+            ".+": {
+              "type": ["string", "array"]
+            },
+            "uniqueItems": false
+          },
+          "additionalProperties": false
+        },
+        {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "uniqueItems": true}
+      ]
+    },
+
     "blkio_limit": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {