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sim_tape.c
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sim_tape.c
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/* sim_tape.c: simulator tape support library
Copyright (c) 1993-2008, Robert M Supnik
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not be
used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.
Ultimately, this will be a place to hide processing of various tape formats,
as well as OS-specific direct hardware access.
23-Jan-12 MP Added support for Logical EOT detection while positioning
05-Feb-11 MP Refactored to prepare for SIM_ASYNC_IO support
Added higher level routines:
sim_tape_wreomrw - erase remainder of tape & rewind
sim_tape_sprecsf - skip records
sim_tape_spfilef - skip files
sim_tape_sprecsr - skip records rev
sim_tape_spfiler - skip files rev
sim_tape_position - general purpose position
These routines correspond to natural tape operations
and will align better when physical tape support is
included here.
08-Jun-08 JDB Fixed signed/unsigned warning in sim_tape_set_fmt
23-Jan-07 JDB Fixed backspace over gap at BOT
22-Jan-07 RMS Fixed bug in P7B format read reclnt rev (found by Rich Cornwell)
15-Dec-06 RMS Added support for small capacity tapes
30-Aug-06 JDB Added erase gap support
14-Feb-06 RMS Added variable tape capacity
23-Jan-06 JDB Fixed odd-byte-write problem in sim_tape_wrrecf
17-Dec-05 RMS Added write support for Paul Pierce 7b format
16-Aug-05 RMS Fixed C++ declaration and cast problems
02-May-05 RMS Added support for Pierce 7b format
28-Jul-04 RMS Fixed bug in writing error records (found by Dave Bryan)
RMS Fixed incorrect error codes (found by Dave Bryan)
05-Jan-04 RMS Revised for file I/O library
25-Apr-03 RMS Added extended file support
28-Mar-03 RMS Added E11 and TPC format support
Public routines:
sim_tape_attach attach tape unit
sim_tape_detach detach tape unit
sim_tape_attach_help help routine for attaching tapes
sim_tape_rdrecf read tape record forward
sim_tape_rdrecr read tape record reverse
sim_tape_wrrecf write tape record forward
sim_tape_sprecf space tape record forward
sim_tape_sprecr space tape record reverse
sim_tape_wrtmk write tape mark
sim_tape_wreom erase remainder of tape
sim_tape_wreomrw erase remainder of tape & rewind
sim_tape_wrgap write erase gap
sim_tape_sprecsf space records forward
sim_tape_spfilef space files forward
sim_tape_sprecsr space records reverse
sim_tape_spfiler space files reverse
sim_tape_position generalized position
sim_tape_rewind rewind
sim_tape_reset reset unit
sim_tape_bot TRUE if at beginning of tape
sim_tape_eot TRUE if at or beyond end of tape
sim_tape_wrp TRUE if write protected
sim_tape_set_fmt set tape format
sim_tape_show_fmt show tape format
sim_tape_set_capac set tape capacity
sim_tape_show_capac show tape capacity
sim_tape_set_dens set tape density
sim_tape_show_dens show tape density
sim_tape_set_async enable asynchronous operation
sim_tape_clr_async disable asynchronous operation
*/
#include "sim_defs.h"
#include "sim_tape.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#if defined SIM_ASYNCH_IO
#include <pthread.h>
#endif
struct sim_tape_fmt {
const char *name; /* name */
int32 uflags; /* unit flags */
t_addr bot; /* bot test */
};
static struct sim_tape_fmt fmts[MTUF_N_FMT] = {
{ "SIMH", 0, sizeof (t_mtrlnt) - 1 },
{ "E11", 0, sizeof (t_mtrlnt) - 1 },
{ "TPC", UNIT_RO, sizeof (t_tpclnt) - 1 },
{ "P7B", 0, 0 },
/* { "TPF", UNIT_RO, 0 }, */
{ NULL, 0, 0 }
};
static const uint32 bpi [] = { /* tape density table, indexed by MT_DENS constants */
0, /* 0 = MT_DENS_NONE -- density not set */
200, /* 1 = MT_DENS_200 -- 200 bpi NRZI */
556, /* 2 = MT_DENS_556 -- 556 bpi NRZI */
800, /* 3 = MT_DENS_800 -- 800 bpi NRZI */
1600, /* 4 = MT_DENS_1600 -- 1600 bpi PE */
6250 /* 5 = MT_DENS_6250 -- 6250 bpi GCR */
};
#define BPI_COUNT (sizeof (bpi) / sizeof (bpi [0])) /* count of density table entries */
static t_stat sim_tape_ioerr (UNIT *uptr);
static t_stat sim_tape_wrdata (UNIT *uptr, uint32 dat);
static uint32 sim_tape_tpc_map (UNIT *uptr, t_addr *map, uint32 mapsize);
static t_stat sim_tape_simh_check (UNIT *uptr);
static t_stat sim_tape_e11_check (UNIT *uptr);
static t_addr sim_tape_tpc_fnd (UNIT *uptr, t_addr *map);
static void sim_tape_data_trace (UNIT *uptr, const uint8 *data, size_t len, const char* txt, int detail, uint32 reason);
struct tape_context {
DEVICE *dptr; /* Device for unit (access to debug flags) */
uint32 dbit; /* debugging bit for trace */
uint32 auto_format; /* Format determined dynamically */
#if defined SIM_ASYNCH_IO
int asynch_io; /* Asynchronous Interrupt scheduling enabled */
int asynch_io_latency; /* instructions to delay pending interrupt */
pthread_mutex_t lock;
pthread_t io_thread; /* I/O Thread Id */
pthread_mutex_t io_lock;
pthread_cond_t io_cond;
pthread_cond_t io_done;
pthread_cond_t startup_cond;
int io_top;
uint8 *buf;
uint32 *bc;
uint32 *fc;
uint32 vbc;
uint32 max;
uint32 gaplen;
uint32 bpi;
uint32 *objupdate;
TAPE_PCALLBACK callback;
t_stat io_status;
#endif
};
#define tape_ctx up8 /* Field in Unit structure which points to the tape_context */
#if defined SIM_ASYNCH_IO
#define AIO_CALLSETUP \
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx; \
\
if ((!callback) || !ctx->asynch_io)
#define AIO_CALL(op, _buf, _bc, _fc, _max, _vbc, _gaplen, _bpi, _obj, _callback)\
if (ctx->asynch_io) { \
struct tape_context *ctx = \
(struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx; \
\
pthread_mutex_lock (&ctx->io_lock); \
\
sim_debug (ctx->dbit, ctx->dptr, \
"sim_tape AIO_CALL(op=%d, unit=%d)\n", op, (int)(uptr-ctx->dptr->units));\
\
if (ctx->callback) \
abort(); /* horrible mistake, stop */ \
ctx->io_top = op; \
ctx->buf = _buf; \
ctx->bc = _bc; \
ctx->fc = _fc; \
ctx->max = _max; \
ctx->vbc = _vbc; \
ctx->gaplen = _gaplen; \
ctx->bpi = _bpi; \
ctx->objupdate = _obj; \
ctx->callback = _callback; \
pthread_cond_signal (&ctx->io_cond); \
pthread_mutex_unlock (&ctx->io_lock); \
} \
else \
if (_callback) \
(_callback) (uptr, r);
#define TOP_DONE 0 /* close */
#define TOP_RDRF 1 /* sim_tape_rdrecf_a */
#define TOP_RDRR 2 /* sim_tape_rdrecr_a */
#define TOP_WREC 3 /* sim_tape_wrrecf_a */
#define TOP_WTMK 4 /* sim_tape_wrtmk_a */
#define TOP_WEOM 5 /* sim_tape_wreom_a */
#define TOP_WEMR 6 /* sim_tape_wreomrw_a */
#define TOP_WGAP 7 /* sim_tape_wrgap_a */
#define TOP_SPRF 8 /* sim_tape_sprecf_a */
#define TOP_SRSF 9 /* sim_tape_sprecsf_a */
#define TOP_SPRR 10 /* sim_tape_sprecr_a */
#define TOP_SRSR 11 /* sim_tape_sprecsr_a */
#define TOP_SPFF 12 /* sim_tape_spfilef */
#define TOP_SFRF 13 /* sim_tape_spfilebyrecf */
#define TOP_SPFR 14 /* sim_tape_spfiler */
#define TOP_SFRR 15 /* sim_tape_spfilebyrecr */
#define TOP_RWND 16 /* sim_tape_rewind_a */
#define TOP_POSN 17 /* sim_tape_position_a */
static void *
_tape_io(void *arg)
{
UNIT* volatile uptr = (UNIT*)arg;
int sched_policy;
struct sched_param sched_priority;
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
/* Boost Priority for this I/O thread vs the CPU instruction execution
thread which in general won't be readily yielding the processor when
this thread needs to run */
pthread_getschedparam (pthread_self(), &sched_policy, &sched_priority);
++sched_priority.sched_priority;
pthread_setschedparam (pthread_self(), sched_policy, &sched_priority);
sim_debug (ctx->dbit, ctx->dptr, "_tape_io(unit=%d) starting\n", (int)(uptr-ctx->dptr->units));
pthread_mutex_lock (&ctx->io_lock);
pthread_cond_signal (&ctx->startup_cond); /* Signal we're ready to go */
while (1) {
pthread_cond_wait (&ctx->io_cond, &ctx->io_lock);
if (ctx->io_top == TOP_DONE)
break;
pthread_mutex_unlock (&ctx->io_lock);
switch (ctx->io_top) {
case TOP_RDRF:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_rdrecf (uptr, ctx->buf, ctx->bc, ctx->max);
break;
case TOP_RDRR:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_rdrecr (uptr, ctx->buf, ctx->bc, ctx->max);
break;
case TOP_WREC:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_wrrecf (uptr, ctx->buf, ctx->vbc);
break;
case TOP_WTMK:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_wrtmk (uptr);
break;
case TOP_WEOM:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_wreom (uptr);
break;
case TOP_WEMR:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_wreomrw (uptr);
break;
case TOP_WGAP:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_wrgap (uptr, ctx->gaplen);
break;
case TOP_SPRF:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_sprecf (uptr, ctx->bc);
break;
case TOP_SRSF:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_sprecsf (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->bc);
break;
case TOP_SPRR:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_sprecr (uptr, ctx->bc);
break;
case TOP_SRSR:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_sprecsr (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->bc);
break;
case TOP_SPFF:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_spfilef (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->bc);
break;
case TOP_SFRF:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_spfilebyrecf (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->bc, ctx->fc, ctx->max);
break;
case TOP_SPFR:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_spfiler (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->bc);
break;
case TOP_SFRR:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_spfilebyrecr (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->bc, ctx->fc);
break;
case TOP_RWND:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_rewind (uptr);
break;
case TOP_POSN:
ctx->io_status = sim_tape_position (uptr, ctx->vbc, ctx->gaplen, ctx->bc, ctx->bpi, ctx->fc, ctx->objupdate);
break;
}
pthread_mutex_lock (&ctx->io_lock);
ctx->io_top = TOP_DONE;
pthread_cond_signal (&ctx->io_done);
sim_activate (uptr, ctx->asynch_io_latency);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock (&ctx->io_lock);
sim_debug (ctx->dbit, ctx->dptr, "_tape_io(unit=%d) exiting\n", (int)(uptr-ctx->dptr->units));
return NULL;
}
/* This routine is called in the context of the main simulator thread before
processing events for any unit. It is only called when an asynchronous
thread has called sim_activate() to activate a unit. The job of this
routine is to put the unit in proper condition to digest what may have
occurred in the asynchronous thread.
Since tape processing only handles a single I/O at a time to a
particular tape device, we have the opportunity to possibly detect
improper attempts to issue multiple concurrent I/O requests. */
static void _tape_completion_dispatch (UNIT *uptr)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
TAPE_PCALLBACK callback = ctx->callback;
sim_debug (ctx->dbit, ctx->dptr, "_tape_completion_dispatch(unit=%d, top=%d, callback=%p)\n", (int)(uptr-ctx->dptr->units), ctx->io_top, ctx->callback);
if (ctx->io_top != TOP_DONE)
abort(); /* horribly wrong, stop */
if (ctx->callback && ctx->io_top == TOP_DONE) {
ctx->callback = NULL;
callback (uptr, ctx->io_status);
}
}
static t_bool _tape_is_active (UNIT *uptr)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
if (ctx) {
sim_debug (ctx->dbit, ctx->dptr, "_tape_is_active(unit=%d, top=%d)\n", (int)(uptr-ctx->dptr->units), ctx->io_top);
return (ctx->io_top != TOP_DONE);
}
return FALSE;
}
static void _tape_cancel (UNIT *uptr)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
if (ctx) {
sim_debug (ctx->dbit, ctx->dptr, "_tape_cancel(unit=%d, top=%d)\n", (int)(uptr-ctx->dptr->units), ctx->io_top);
if (ctx->asynch_io) {
pthread_mutex_lock (&ctx->io_lock);
while (ctx->io_top != TOP_DONE)
pthread_cond_wait (&ctx->io_done, &ctx->io_lock);
pthread_mutex_unlock (&ctx->io_lock);
}
}
}
#else
#define AIO_CALLSETUP
#define AIO_CALL(op, _buf, _fc, _bc, _max, _vbc, _gaplen, _bpi, _obj, _callback) \
if (_callback) \
(_callback) (uptr, r);
#endif
/* Enable asynchronous operation */
t_stat sim_tape_set_async (UNIT *uptr, int latency)
{
#if !defined(SIM_ASYNCH_IO)
char *msg = "Tape: can't operate asynchronously\r\n";
sim_printf ("%s", msg);
return SCPE_NOFNC;
#else
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
pthread_attr_t attr;
ctx->asynch_io = sim_asynch_enabled;
ctx->asynch_io_latency = latency;
if (ctx->asynch_io) {
pthread_mutex_init (&ctx->io_lock, NULL);
pthread_cond_init (&ctx->io_cond, NULL);
pthread_cond_init (&ctx->io_done, NULL);
pthread_cond_init (&ctx->startup_cond, NULL);
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setscope(&attr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM);
pthread_mutex_lock (&ctx->io_lock);
pthread_create (&ctx->io_thread, &attr, _tape_io, (void *)uptr);
pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
pthread_cond_wait (&ctx->startup_cond, &ctx->io_lock); /* Wait for thread to stabilize */
pthread_mutex_unlock (&ctx->io_lock);
pthread_cond_destroy (&ctx->startup_cond);
}
uptr->a_check_completion = _tape_completion_dispatch;
uptr->a_is_active = _tape_is_active;
uptr->a_cancel = _tape_cancel;
return SCPE_OK;
#endif
}
/* Disable asynchronous operation */
t_stat sim_tape_clr_async (UNIT *uptr)
{
#if !defined(SIM_ASYNCH_IO)
return SCPE_NOFNC;
#else
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
/* make sure device exists */
if (!ctx) return SCPE_UNATT;
if (ctx->asynch_io) {
pthread_mutex_lock (&ctx->io_lock);
ctx->asynch_io = 0;
pthread_cond_signal (&ctx->io_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock (&ctx->io_lock);
pthread_join (ctx->io_thread, NULL);
pthread_mutex_destroy (&ctx->io_lock);
pthread_cond_destroy (&ctx->io_cond);
pthread_cond_destroy (&ctx->io_done);
}
return SCPE_OK;
#endif
}
/*
This routine is called when the simulator stops and any time
the asynch mode is changed (enabled or disabled)
*/
static void _sim_tape_io_flush (UNIT *uptr)
{
#if defined (SIM_ASYNCH_IO)
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
sim_tape_clr_async (uptr);
if (sim_asynch_enabled)
sim_tape_set_async (uptr, ctx->asynch_io_latency);
#endif
fflush (uptr->fileref);
}
/* Attach tape unit */
t_stat sim_tape_attach (UNIT *uptr, char *cptr)
{
return sim_tape_attach_ex (uptr, cptr, 0, 0);
}
t_stat sim_tape_attach_ex (UNIT *uptr, char *cptr, uint32 dbit, int completion_delay)
{
struct tape_context *ctx;
uint32 objc;
DEVICE *dptr;
char gbuf[CBUFSIZE];
t_stat r;
t_bool auto_format = FALSE;
if ((dptr = find_dev_from_unit (uptr)) == NULL)
return SCPE_NOATT;
if (sim_switches & SWMASK ('F')) { /* format spec? */
cptr = get_glyph (cptr, gbuf, 0); /* get spec */
if (*cptr == 0) /* must be more */
return SCPE_2FARG;
if (sim_tape_set_fmt (uptr, 0, gbuf, NULL) != SCPE_OK)
return sim_messagef (SCPE_ARG, "Invalid Tape Format: %s\n", gbuf);
sim_switches = sim_switches & ~(SWMASK ('F')); /* Record Format specifier already processed */
auto_format = TRUE;
}
if (MT_GET_FMT (uptr) == MTUF_F_TPC)
sim_switches |= SWMASK ('R'); /* Force ReadOnly attach for TPC tapes */
r = attach_unit (uptr, cptr); /* attach unit */
if (r != SCPE_OK) /* error? */
return sim_messagef (r, "Can't open tape image: %s\n", cptr);
switch (MT_GET_FMT (uptr)) { /* case on format */
case MTUF_F_STD: /* SIMH */
if (SCPE_OK != sim_tape_simh_check (uptr)) {
sim_tape_detach (uptr);
return SCPE_FMT; /* yes, complain */
}
break;
case MTUF_F_E11: /* E11 */
if (SCPE_OK != sim_tape_e11_check (uptr)) {
sim_tape_detach (uptr);
return SCPE_FMT; /* yes, complain */
}
break;
case MTUF_F_TPC: /* TPC */
objc = sim_tape_tpc_map (uptr, NULL, 0); /* get # objects */
if (objc == 0) { /* tape empty? */
sim_tape_detach (uptr);
return SCPE_FMT; /* yes, complain */
}
uptr->filebuf = calloc (objc + 1, sizeof (t_addr));
if (uptr->filebuf == NULL) { /* map allocated? */
sim_tape_detach (uptr);
return SCPE_MEM; /* no, complain */
}
uptr->hwmark = objc + 1; /* save map size */
sim_tape_tpc_map (uptr, (t_addr *) uptr->filebuf, objc);/* fill map */
break;
default:
break;
}
uptr->tape_ctx = ctx = (struct tape_context *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct tape_context));
ctx->dptr = dptr; /* save DEVICE pointer */
ctx->dbit = dbit; /* save debug bit */
ctx->auto_format = auto_format; /* save that we auto selected format */
sim_tape_rewind (uptr);
#if defined (SIM_ASYNCH_IO)
sim_tape_set_async (uptr, completion_delay);
#endif
uptr->io_flush = _sim_tape_io_flush;
return SCPE_OK;
}
/* Detach tape unit */
t_stat sim_tape_detach (UNIT *uptr)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
uint32 f = MT_GET_FMT (uptr);
t_stat r;
t_bool auto_format = FALSE;
if ((uptr == NULL) || !(uptr->flags & UNIT_ATT))
return SCPE_IERR;
if (uptr->io_flush)
uptr->io_flush (uptr); /* flush buffered data */
if (ctx)
auto_format = ctx->auto_format;
sim_tape_clr_async (uptr);
r = detach_unit (uptr); /* detach unit */
if (r != SCPE_OK)
return r;
switch (f) { /* case on format */
case MTUF_F_TPC: /* TPC */
if (uptr->filebuf) /* free map */
free (uptr->filebuf);
uptr->filebuf = NULL;
uptr->hwmark = 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
sim_tape_rewind (uptr);
free (uptr->tape_ctx);
uptr->tape_ctx = NULL;
uptr->io_flush = NULL;
if (auto_format) /* format was determined or specified at attach time? */
sim_tape_set_fmt (uptr, 0, "SIMH", NULL); /* restore default format */
return SCPE_OK;
}
t_stat sim_tape_attach_help(FILE *st, DEVICE *dptr, UNIT *uptr, int32 flag, const char *cptr)
{
fprintf (st, "%s Tape Attach Help\n\n", dptr->name);
if (0 == (uptr-dptr->units)) {
if (dptr->numunits > 1) {
uint32 i;
for (i=0; i < dptr->numunits; ++i)
if (dptr->units[i].flags & UNIT_ATTABLE)
fprintf (st, " sim> ATTACH {switches} %s%d tapefile\n\n", dptr->name, i);
}
else
fprintf (st, " sim> ATTACH {switches} %s tapefile\n\n", dptr->name);
}
else
fprintf (st, " sim> ATTACH {switches} %s tapefile\n\n", dptr->name);
fprintf (st, "Attach command switches\n");
fprintf (st, " -R Attach Read Only.\n");
fprintf (st, " -E Must Exist (if not specified an attempt to create the indicated\n");
fprintf (st, " virtual tape will be attempted).\n");
fprintf (st, " -F Open the indicated tape container in a specific format (default\n");
fprintf (st, " is SIMH, alternatives are E11, TPC and P7B)\n");
return SCPE_OK;
}
static void sim_tape_data_trace(UNIT *uptr, const uint8 *data, size_t len, const char* txt, int detail, uint32 reason)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
if (sim_deb && (ctx->dptr->dctrl & reason))
sim_data_trace(ctx->dptr, uptr, (detail ? data : NULL), "", len, txt, reason);
}
/* Read record length forward (internal routine)
Inputs:
uptr = pointer to tape unit
bc = pointer to returned record length
Outputs:
status = operation status
exit condition tape position
------------------ -----------------------------------------------------
unit unattached unchanged
read error unchanged, PNU set
end of file/medium updated if a gap precedes, else unchanged and PNU set
tape mark updated
tape runaway updated
data record updated, sim_fread will read record forward
This routine is called to set up a record read or spacing in the forward
direction. On return, status is MTSE_OK and the tape is positioned at the
first data byte if a record was encountered, or status is an MTSE error code
giving the reason that the operation did not succeed and the tape position is
as indicated above.
The ANSI standards for magnetic tape recording (X3.32, X3.39, and X3.54) and
the equivalent ECMA standard (ECMA-62) specify a maximum erase gap length of
25 feet (7.6 meters). While gaps of any length may be written, gaps longer
than this are non-standard and may indicate that an unrecorded or erased tape
is being read.
If the tape density has been set via a previous "sim_tape_set_dens" call,
then the length is monitored when skipping over erase gaps. If the length
reaches 25 feet, motion is terminated, and MTSE_RUNAWAY status is returned.
Runaway status is also returned if an end-of-medium marker or the physical
end of file is encountered while spacing over a gap; however, MTSE_EOM is
returned if the tape is positioned at the EOM on entry.
If the density has not been set, then a gap of any length is skipped, and
MTSE_RUNAWAY status is never returned. In effect, erase gaps present in the
tape image file will be transparent to the caller.
Erase gaps are currently supported only in SIMH (MTUF_F_STD) tape format.
Because gaps may be partially overwritten with data records, gap metadata
must be examined marker-by-marker. To reduce the number of file read calls,
a buffer of metadata elements is used. The buffer size is initially
established at 256 elements but may be set to any size desired. To avoid a
large read for the typical case where an erase gap is not present, the first
read is of a single metadatum marker. If that is a gap marker, then
additional buffered reads are performed.
See the notes at "sim_tape_wrgap" regarding the erase gap implementation.
Implementation notes:
1. For programming convenience, erase gap processing is performed for both
SIMH standard and E11 tape formats, although the latter will never
contain erase gaps, as the "sim_tape_wrgap" call takes no action for the
E11 format.
2. The "feof" call cannot return a non-zero value on the first pass through
the loop, because the "sim_fseek" call resets the internal end-of-file
indicator. Subsequent passes only occur if an erase gap is present, so
a non-zero return indicates an EOF was seen while reading through a gap.
3. The dynamic start/stop test of the HP 3000 magnetic tape diagnostic
heavily exercises the erase gap scanning code. Sample test execution
times for various buffer sizes on a 2 GHz host platform are:
buffer size execution time
(elements) (CPU seconds)
----------- --------------
1 7200
32 783
128 237
256 203
512 186
1024 171
4. Because an erase gap may precede the logical end-of-medium, represented
either by the physical end-of-file or by an EOM marker, the "position not
updated" flag is set only if the tape is positioned at the EOM when the
routine is entered. If at least one gap marker precedes the EOM, then
the PNU flag is not set. This ensures that a backspace-and-retry
sequence will work correctly in both cases.
*/
static t_stat sim_tape_rdlntf (UNIT *uptr, t_mtrlnt *bc)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
uint8 c;
t_bool all_eof;
uint32 f = MT_GET_FMT (uptr);
t_mtrlnt sbc;
t_tpclnt tpcbc;
t_mtrlnt buffer [256]; /* local tape buffer */
uint32 bufcntr, bufcap; /* buffer counter and capacity */
int32 runaway_counter, sizeof_gap; /* bytes remaining before runaway and bytes per gap */
t_stat r = MTSE_OK;
MT_CLR_PNU (uptr); /* clear the position-not-updated flag */
if ((uptr->flags & UNIT_ATT) == 0) /* if the unit is not attached */
return MTSE_UNATT; /* then quit with an error */
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, uptr->pos, SEEK_SET); /* set the initial tape position */
switch (f) { /* the read method depends on the tape format */
case MTUF_F_STD:
case MTUF_F_E11:
runaway_counter = 25 * 12 * bpi [MT_DENS (uptr->dynflags)]; /* set the largest legal gap size in bytes */
if (runaway_counter == 0) { /* if tape density has not been not set */
sizeof_gap = 0; /* then disable runaway detection */
runaway_counter = INT_MAX; /* to allow gaps of any size */
}
else /* otherwise */
sizeof_gap = sizeof (t_mtrlnt); /* set the size of the gap */
bufcntr = 0; /* force an initial read */
bufcap = 0; /* but of just one metadata marker */
do { /* loop until a record, gap, or error is seen */
if (bufcntr == bufcap) { /* if the buffer is empty then refill it */
if (feof (uptr->fileref)) { /* if we hit the EOF while reading a gap */
if (sizeof_gap > 0) /* then if detection is enabled */
r = MTSE_RUNAWAY; /* then report a tape runaway */
else /* otherwise report the physical EOF */
r = MTSE_EOM; /* as the end-of-medium */
break;
}
else if (bufcap == 0) /* otherwise if this is the initial read */
bufcap = 1; /* then start with just one marker */
else /* otherwise reset the capacity */
bufcap = sizeof (buffer) /* to the full size of the buffer */
/ sizeof (buffer [0]);
bufcap = sim_fread (buffer, /* fill the buffer */
sizeof (t_mtrlnt), /* with tape metadata */
bufcap,
uptr->fileref);
if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) { /* if a file I/O error occurred */
if (bufcntr == 0) /* then if this is the initial read */
MT_SET_PNU (uptr); /* then set position not updated */
r = sim_tape_ioerr (uptr); /* report the error and quit */
break;
}
else if (bufcap == 0 /* otherwise if positioned at the physical EOF */
|| buffer [0] == MTR_EOM) /* or at the logical EOM */
if (bufcntr == 0) { /* then if this is the initial read */
MT_SET_PNU (uptr); /* then set position not updated */
r = MTSE_EOM; /* and report the end-of-medium and quit */
break;
}
else { /* otherwise some gap has already been skipped */
if (sizeof_gap > 0) /* so if detection is enabled */
r = MTSE_RUNAWAY; /* then report a tape runaway */
else /* otherwise report the physical EOF */
r = MTSE_EOM; /* as the end-of-medium */
break;
}
else /* otherwise reset the index */
bufcntr = 0; /* to the start of the buffer */
}
*bc = buffer [bufcntr++]; /* store the metadata marker value */
if (*bc == MTR_EOM) { /* if an end-of-medium marker is seen */
if (sizeof_gap > 0) /* then if detection is enabled */
r = MTSE_RUNAWAY; /* then report a tape runaway */
else /* otherwise report the physical EOF */
r = MTSE_EOM; /* as the end-of-medium */
break;
}
uptr->pos = uptr->pos + sizeof (t_mtrlnt); /* space over the marker */
if (*bc == MTR_TMK) { /* if the value is a tape mark */
r = MTSE_TMK; /* then quit with tape mark status */
break;
}
else if (*bc == MTR_GAP) /* otherwise if the value is a full gap */
runaway_counter -= sizeof_gap; /* then decrement the gap counter */
else if (*bc == MTR_FHGAP) { /* otherwise if the value if a half gap */
uptr->pos = uptr->pos - sizeof (t_mtrlnt) / 2; /* then back up */
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, uptr->pos, SEEK_SET); /* to resync */
bufcntr = bufcap; /* mark the buffer as invalid to force a read */
*bc = MTR_GAP; /* reset the marker */
runaway_counter -= sizeof_gap / 2; /* and decrement the gap counter */
}
else { /* otherwise it's a record marker */
if (bufcntr < bufcap) /* if the position is within the buffer */
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, uptr->pos, SEEK_SET); /* then seek to the data area */
sbc = MTR_L (*bc); /* extract the record length */
uptr->pos = uptr->pos + sizeof (t_mtrlnt) /* position to the start */
+ (f == MTUF_F_STD ? (sbc + 1) & ~1 : sbc); /* of the record */
}
}
while (*bc == MTR_GAP && runaway_counter > 0); /* continue until data or runaway occurs */
if (r == MTSE_OK && runaway_counter <= 0) /* if a tape runaway occurred */
r = MTSE_RUNAWAY; /* then report it */
break; /* otherwise the operation succeeded */
case MTUF_F_TPC:
sim_fread (&tpcbc, sizeof (t_tpclnt), 1, uptr->fileref);
*bc = tpcbc; /* save rec lnt */
if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) { /* error? */
MT_SET_PNU (uptr); /* pos not upd */
return sim_tape_ioerr (uptr);
}
if (feof (uptr->fileref)) { /* eof? */
MT_SET_PNU (uptr); /* pos not upd */
r = MTSE_EOM;
break;
}
uptr->pos = uptr->pos + sizeof (t_tpclnt); /* spc over reclnt */
if (tpcbc == TPC_TMK) /* tape mark? */
r = MTSE_TMK;
uptr->pos = uptr->pos + ((tpcbc + 1) & ~1); /* spc over record */
break;
case MTUF_F_P7B:
for (sbc = 0, all_eof = 1; ; sbc++) { /* loop thru record */
sim_fread (&c, sizeof (uint8), 1, uptr->fileref);
if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) { /* error? */
MT_SET_PNU (uptr); /* pos not upd */
return sim_tape_ioerr (uptr);
}
if (feof (uptr->fileref)) { /* eof? */
if (sbc == 0) /* no data? eom */
return MTSE_EOM;
break; /* treat like eor */
}
if ((sbc != 0) && (c & P7B_SOR)) /* next record? */
break;
if ((c & P7B_DPAR) != P7B_EOF)
all_eof = 0;
}
*bc = sbc; /* save rec lnt */
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, uptr->pos, SEEK_SET); /* for read */
uptr->pos = uptr->pos + sbc; /* spc over record */
if (all_eof) /* tape mark? */
r = MTSE_TMK;
break;
default:
return MTSE_FMT;
}
sim_debug (MTSE_DBG_STR, ctx->dptr, "rd_lnt: st: %d, lnt: %d, pos: %" T_ADDR_FMT "u\n", r, *bc, uptr->pos);
return r;
}
/* Read record length reverse (internal routine)
Inputs:
uptr = pointer to tape unit
bc = pointer to returned record length
Outputs:
status = operation status
exit condition tape position
------------------ -------------------------------------------
unit unattached unchanged
beginning of tape unchanged
read error unchanged
end of file unchanged
end of medium updated
tape mark updated
tape runaway updated
data record updated, sim_fread will read record forward
This routine is called to set up a record read or spacing in the reverse
direction. On return, status is MTSE_OK and the tape is positioned at the
first data byte if a record was encountered, or status is an MTSE error code
giving the reason that the operation did not succeed and the tape position is
as indicated above.
See the notes at "sim_tape_rdlntf" and "sim_tape_wrgap" regarding tape
runaway and the erase gap implementation, respectively.
*/
static t_stat sim_tape_rdlntr (UNIT *uptr, t_mtrlnt *bc)
{
struct tape_context *ctx = (struct tape_context *)uptr->tape_ctx;
uint8 c;
t_bool all_eof;
uint32 f = MT_GET_FMT (uptr);
t_addr ppos;
t_mtrlnt sbc;
t_tpclnt tpcbc;
t_mtrlnt buffer [256]; /* local tape buffer */
uint32 bufcntr, bufcap; /* buffer counter and capacity */
int32 runaway_counter, sizeof_gap; /* bytes remaining before runaway and bytes per gap */
t_stat r = MTSE_OK;
MT_CLR_PNU (uptr); /* clear the position-not-updated flag */
if ((uptr->flags & UNIT_ATT) == 0) /* if the unit is not attached */
return MTSE_UNATT; /* then quit with an error */
if (sim_tape_bot (uptr)) /* if the unit is positioned at the BOT */
return MTSE_BOT; /* then reading backward is not possible */
switch (f) { /* the read method depends on the tape format */
case MTUF_F_STD:
case MTUF_F_E11:
runaway_counter = 25 * 12 * bpi [MT_DENS (uptr->dynflags)]; /* set largest legal gap size in bytes */
if (runaway_counter == 0) { /* if tape density has not been not set */
sizeof_gap = 0; /* then disable runaway detection */
runaway_counter = INT_MAX; /* to allow gaps of any size */
}
else /* otherwise */
sizeof_gap = sizeof (t_mtrlnt); /* set the size of the gap */
bufcntr = 0; /* force an initial read */
bufcap = 1; /* but of just one metadata marker */
do { /* loop until a record, gap, or error seen */
if (bufcntr == 0) { /* if the buffer is empty then refill it */
if (sim_tape_bot (uptr)) { /* if the search has backed into the BOT */
r = MTSE_BOT; /* then quit with an error */
break;
}
else if (uptr->pos < sizeof (buffer)) /* if less than a full buffer remains */
bufcap = (uint32) uptr->pos /* then reduce the capacity accordingly */
/ sizeof (t_mtrlnt);
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, /* seek back to the location */
uptr->pos - bufcap * sizeof (t_mtrlnt), /* corresponding to the start */
SEEK_SET); /* of the buffer */
bufcntr = sim_fread (buffer, sizeof (t_mtrlnt), /* fill the buffer */
bufcap, uptr->fileref); /* with tape metadata */
if (ferror (uptr->fileref)) { /* if a file I/O error occurred */
MT_SET_PNU (uptr); /* then set position not updated */
r = sim_tape_ioerr (uptr); /* report the error and quit */
break;
}
else /* otherwise reset the capacity */
bufcap = sizeof (buffer) /* to the full size of the buffer */
/ sizeof (buffer [0]);
}
*bc = buffer [--bufcntr]; /* store the metadata marker value */
uptr->pos = uptr->pos - sizeof (t_mtrlnt); /* backspace over the marker */
if (*bc == MTR_TMK) { /* if the marker is a tape mark */
r = MTSE_TMK; /* then quit with tape mark status */
break;
}
else if (*bc == MTR_GAP) /* otherwise if the marker is a full gap */
runaway_counter -= sizeof_gap; /* then decrement the gap counter */
else if ((*bc & MTR_M_RHGAP) == MTR_RHGAP /* otherwise if the marker */
|| *bc == MTR_RRGAP) { /* is a half gap */
uptr->pos = uptr->pos + sizeof (t_mtrlnt) / 2; /* then position forward to resync */
bufcntr = 0; /* mark the buffer as invalid to force a read */
*bc = MTR_GAP; /* reset the marker */
runaway_counter -= sizeof_gap / 2; /* and decrement the gap counter */
}
else { /* otherwise it's a record marker */
sbc = MTR_L (*bc); /* extract the record length */
uptr->pos = uptr->pos - sizeof (t_mtrlnt) /* position to the start */
- (f == MTUF_F_STD ? (sbc + 1) & ~1 : sbc); /* of the record */
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, /* seek to the data area */
uptr->pos + sizeof (t_mtrlnt), SEEK_SET);
}
}
while (*bc == MTR_GAP && runaway_counter > 0); /* continue until data or runaway occurs */
if (r == MTSE_OK && runaway_counter <= 0) /* if a tape runaway occurred */
r = MTSE_RUNAWAY; /* then report it */
break; /* otherwise the operation succeeded */
case MTUF_F_TPC:
ppos = sim_tape_tpc_fnd (uptr, (t_addr *) uptr->filebuf); /* find prev rec */
sim_fseek (uptr->fileref, ppos, SEEK_SET); /* position */
sim_fread (&tpcbc, sizeof (t_tpclnt), 1, uptr->fileref);
*bc = tpcbc; /* save rec lnt */