Catalog.kif

;; ============================================================================
;;                  	 REARDEN COMMERCE, INC.
;;                	Catalog and Selling Ontology
;; ============================================================================

;; Created by: Karen Joy Nomorosa (karen.nomorosa [at] reardencommerce [dot] com)
;; Created on: August 3, 2011
;; Last modified: 
;; Modified by: Karen Joy Nomorosa (karen.nomorosa [at] reardencommerce [dot] com)

;; Description:  This ontology describes different concepts related to Catalogs, 
;; selling and buying

;; Access to and use of these products is governed by the GNU General Public 
;; License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>. 
;; By using these products, you agree to be bound by the terms 
;; of the GPL.

;; We ask the people using or referencing this work cite our primary paper:

;; Niles, I., and Pease, A.  2001.  Towards a Standard Upper Ontology.  In 
;; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in 
;; Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds, 
;; Ogunquit, Maine, October 17-19, 2001.  See also http://www.ontologyportal.org

;; ============================================================================
;; CATALOG
;; =============================================================================

(subclass Catalog Proposition)
(documentation Catalog EnglishLanguage "a &%Catalog is a &%Proposition of the 
classes of resources that an agent provides or offers")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Catalog "catalog")

(=>
  (instance ?CATALOG Catalog)
  (exists (?X)
    (and
      (instance ?X AutonomousAgent)
      (offers ?X ?CATALOG))))

;; (catalogItem ?OBJ ?CATALOG)
(instance catalogItem BinaryPredicate)
(instance catalogItem PartialValuedRelation)
(documentation catalogItem EnglishLanguage "(&%catalogItem ?OBJ ?CATALOG) means that 
an instance of ?OBJ is a member of ?CATALOG")
(domainSubclass catalogItem 1 Entity)
(domain catalogItem 2 Catalog)

(=>
  (and
    (offers ?AGENT ?CATALOG)
    (catalogItem ?OBJ ?CATALOG)
    (subclass ?OBJ Physical))
  (modalAttribute
    (exists (?S ?X)
      (and
        (instance ?X ?OBJ)
        (instance ?S Selling)
        (agent ?S ?AGENT)
        (patient ?S ?X))) Possibility))
      
(=>
  (and
    (offers ?AGENT ?CATALOG)
    (catalogItem ?PROP ?CATALOG)
    (subclass ?PROP Proposition))
  (modalAttribute
    (exists (?P ?S ?X)
      (and
        (instance ?P ?PROP)
        (realization ?X ?P)
        (instance ?S Selling)
        (patient ?S ?X)
        (agent ?S ?AGENT))) Possibility))
              
;; (offers ?AGENT ?CATALOG)
(documentation offers EnglishLanguage "(&%offers ?AGENT ?CATALOG) means that 
?AGENT offers items of ?CATALOG to its customers")
(instance offers BinaryPredicate)
(domain offers 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domain offers 2 Abstract)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage offers "offers")

;; if an agent offers a process as a catalog item, then that agent is capable of
;; being an agent in that process
(=>
  (and
    (offers ?AGENT ?CATALOG)
    (catalogItem ?CLASS ?CATALOG)
    (subclass ?CLASS Process))
  (capability ?CLASS agent ?AGENT))

;; if an agent offers an object as a catalog item, then that agent is capable of being
;; an agent in a process that has that object as the patient (such as selling or
;; cooking or serving)
(=>
  (and
    (offers ?AGENT ?CATALOG)
    (catalogItem ?CLASS ?CATALOG)
    (subclass ?CLASS Object)
    (instance ?PROCESSINST ?PROCESS)
    (subclass ?PROCESS Process)
    (instance ?OBJ ?CLASS)
    (patient ?PROCESSINST ?OBJ))
  (capability ?PROCESS agent ?AGENT))

(=>
  (and
    (offers ?AGENT ?ATTR)
    (instance ?ATTR Attribute))
  (modalAttribute
    (exists (?OBJ ?SELL)
      (and
        (instance ?SELL Selling)
        (attribute ?OBJ ?ATTR)
        (patient ?SELL ?OBJ)
        (agent ?SELL ?AGENT))) Possibility))
  
;; (offersAtTime ?AGENT ?CATALOG ?TIMEINT)
(documentation offersAtTime EnglishLanguage "(%&offersAtTime ?AGENT ?CATALOG ?TIMEINT) 
means that ?AGENT offers items of ?CATALOG to its customer only during the specified 
?TIMEINT")      
(instance offersAtTime TernaryPredicate)
(domain offersAtTime 1 AutonomousAgent)
(domain offersAtTime 2 Entity)
(domain offersAtTime 3 TimeInterval)

(=>
  (and
    (offersAtTime ?AGENT ?CATALOG ?TIMEINT)
    (catalogItem ?CLASS ?CATALOG)
    (subclass ?CLASS Process)
    (instance ?TIMEINT ?TIME)
    (subclass ?TIME TimeInterval))
  (capabilityDuring ?CLASS agent ?AGENT ?TIME))

(=>
  (and
    (offersAtTime ?AGENT ?CATALOG ?TIMEINT)
    (catalogItem ?CLASS ?CATALOG)
    (subclass ?CLASS Object)  
    (instance ?PROCESSINSTANCE ?PROCESS)
    (subclass ?PROCESS Process)
    (instance ?OBJ ?CLASS)
    (patient ?PROCESSINSTANCE ?OBJ)
    (instance ?TIMEINT ?TIME)
    (subclass ?TIME TimeInterval))
  (capabilityDuring ?PROCESS agent ?AGENT ?TIME))
  
(=>
  (and
    (offersAtTime ?AGENT ?ATTR ?TIMEINT)
    (instance ?ATTR Attribute))
  (holdsDuring ?TIMEINT
    (offers ?AGENT ?ATTR)))   
    
;; ============================================================================
;; PRICING                   	     
;; ============================================================================

(instance propositionOwner BinaryPredicate)
(documentation propositionOwner EnglishLanguage "(&%propositionOwner ?AGENT ?PROP) 
means that &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT was the one who conceptualized or created the 
&%Proposition ?PROP")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage propositionOwner "proposition owner")

(domain propositionOwner 1 CognitiveAgent)
(domain propositionOwner 2 Proposition)

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?CREATE Creation)
    (result ?CREATE ?PROP)
    (instance ?PROP Proposition)
    (agent ?CREATE ?AGENT))
  (propositionOwner ?AGENT ?PROP))

;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Pricing Scheme
;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(subclass PricingScheme Proposition)
(documentation PricingScheme EnglishLanguage "&%PricingScheme refers to the conditions
attached to the price of a product of service")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage PricingScheme "pricing scheme")

(=>
  (instance ?PS PricingScheme)
  (exists (?AGENT ?CREATE)
    (and
      (instance ?CREATE Creation)
      (result ?CREATE ?PS)
      (agent ?CREATE ?AGENT))))

(instance priceRange QuaternaryPredicate)
(documentation priceRange EnglishLanguage "(&%priceRange ?OBJ ?MIN ?MAX ?AGENT) 
means that &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT attaches range of possible &%productPrice for ?OBJ with
minimum ?MIN and maximum ?MAX")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage priceRange "price range")

(domainSubclass priceRange 1 Entity)
(domain priceRange 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domain priceRange 3 CurrencyMeasure)
(domain priceRange 4 AutonomousAgent)

;(=>
;  (and
;    (priceRange ?ENT
;      (MeasureFn ?MIN ?U)
;      (MeasureFn ?MAX ?U) ?AGENT)
;    (instance ?U UnitOfCurrency))
;  (exists (?NUM ?PRICE ?PS)
;    (and
;      (lessThanOrEqualTo ?NUM ?MAX)
;      (greaterThanOrEqualTo ?NUM ?MIN)
;      (equal ?PRICE
;        (MeasureFn ?NUM ?U))
;      (or
;        (publishedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS)
;        (productPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT)
;        (unitPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS)))))

(instance validFor BinaryPredicate)
(documentation validFor EnglishLanguage "(&%validFor ?SCHEME ?AGENT) means that 
&%CurrencyMeasure that &%PricingScheme refers to applies to &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage validFor "valid for")

(domain validFor 1 PricingScheme)
(domainSubclass validFor 2 AutonomousAgent)

(instance validityPeriod BinaryPredicate)
(documentation validityPeriod EnglishLanguage "(&%validityPeriod ?SCHEME ?TIMEINT) means
that the &%CurrencyMeasure that &%PricingScheme refers to is valid for the given 
&%TimeInterval")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage validityPeriod "validity period")

(domain validityPeriod 1 PricingScheme)
(domain validityPeriod 2 TimeInterval)

(instance validPaymentType BinaryPredicate)
(documentation validPaymentType EnglishLanguage "(&%validPaymentType ?SCHEME ?PAYMENT)
means that the &%CurrencyMeasure that &%PricingScheme refers to is valid for the given
&%Payment class")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage validPaymentType "valid payment type")

(domain validPaymentType 1 PricingScheme)
(domainSubclass validPaymentType 2 Payment)
    
(instance pricePolicy BinaryPredicate)
(documentation pricePolicy EnglishLanguage "(&%pricePolicy ?SCHEME ?POLICY) describes 
the &%Policy ?POLICY attached to the given rate with the ?SCHEME")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage pricePolicy "rate policy")

(domain pricePolicy 1 PricingScheme)
(domain pricePolicy 2 Policy)    



;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Pricing Relationships
;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(instance negotiatedPrice TernaryPredicate)
(documentation negotiatedPrice EnglishLanguage "(&%negotiatedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGREE)
means that according to &%Agreement ?AGREE - which is agreed upon by seller and buyer -
the &%CurrencyMeasure ?PRICE is given to &%Entity ?ENT")
(domainSubclass negotiatedPrice 1 Physical)
(domain negotiatedPrice 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domain negotiatedPrice 3 Agreement)
;;
;; KBache.checkDisjpoint - issues with Entity and Class in the 2nd argument of immediateInstance is noted
;; and not considered as errors by Adam Pease for the axioms below.
;;
(=>
  (and
    (negotiatedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGREE)
    (partyToAgreement ?SELLER ?AGREE)
    (partyToAgreement ?BUYER ?AGREE))
  (modalAttribute
    (exists (?S ?ITEM)
      (and
        (instance ?S Selling)
        (patient ?S ?ITEM)
        (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?ENT)
        (agent ?S ?SELLER)
        (destination ?S ?BUYER)
        (transactionAmount ?S ?PRICE))) Promise))
;;
;; 16th January 2022
;; The follow codes are commented out because ?ENT specified as Proposition is a disjunct of Physical in the first argument for negotiatedPrice
;;
;;(=>
;;  (and
;;    (negotiatedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGREE)
;;    (partyToAgreement ?SELLER ?AGREE)
;;    (partyToAgreement ?BUYER ?AGREE)
;;    (subclass ?ENT Proposition))
;;  (modalAttribute
;;    (=>
;;      (and
;;      (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?ENT)
;;        (realization ?PROCESS ?ITEM)
;;        (instance ?S Selling)
;;        (patient ?S ?PROCESS)
;;        (agent ?S ?SELLER)
;;        (destination ?S ?BUYER))
;;      (transactionAmount ?S ?PRICE)) Promise))

(=>
  (and
    (negotiatedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGREE)
    (partyToAgreement ?SELLER ?AGREE)
    (partyToAgreement ?BUYER ?AGREE))
  (agreementClause
    (exists (?B ?ITEM)
      (and
        (instance ?B Buying)
        (patient ?B ?ITEM)
        (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?ENT)
        (agent ?B ?BUYER)
        (origin ?B ?SELLER)
        (transactionAmount ?B ?PRICE))) Obligation ?AGREE ?SELLER))
   
(instance publishedPrice QuaternaryPredicate)
(documentation publishedPrice EnglishLanguage "(&%publishedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS)
means that the &%CurrencyMeasure ?PRICE is given by &%AutonomousAgent ?AGENT to &%Entity ?ENT, 
based on conditions outlined in &%PricingScheme ?PS")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage publishedPrice "published price")

(domainSubclass publishedPrice 1 Entity)
(domain publishedPrice 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domain publishedPrice 3 CognitiveAgent)
(domain publishedPrice 4 PricingScheme)

(=>
  (and
    (instance ?B Buying)
    (patient ?B ?ITEM)
    (origin ?B ?AGENT)
    (or
      (publishedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS)
      (unitPrice ?ENT ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS))
    (subclass ?ENT Physical)
    (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?ENT)
    (validPaymentType ?PS ?PAY))
  (modalAttribute
    (exists (?PAYMENT)
      (and
        (instance ?PAYMENT ?PAY)
        (subProcess ?PAYMENT ?B))) Likely))

(=>
  (and
    (or
      (publishedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS)
      (unitPrice ?ENT ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS))
    (subclass ?ENT Physical)
    (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?ENT)
    (validFor ?PS ?CUSTCLASS)
    (instance ?CUSTOMER ?CUSTCLASS))
  (modalAttribute
    (=>
      (and
        (instance ?B Buying)
        (agent ?B ?CUSTOMER)
        (origin ?B ?AGENT)
        (patient ?B ?ITEM))
      (transactionAmount ?B ?PRICE)) Likely))

(=>      
  (and
    (or
      (publishedPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS)
      (unitPrice ?ENT ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS))
    (subclass ?ENT Physical)
    (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?ENT)
    (validityPeriod ?PS ?TIMEINT))
  (holdsDuring ?TIMEINT
    (modalAttribute
      (=>
        (and
          (instance ?S Selling)
          (agent ?S ?AGENT)
          (patient ?S ?ITEM))
        (transactionAmount ?S ?PRICE)) Likely)))
    
      
(instance unitPrice QuaternaryPredicate)
(documentation unitPrice EnglishLanguage "(&%unitPrice ?ENT ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS) is meant
for objects that are not sold by the piece but by a certain unit of measure, for 
instance, vegetables that are sold by the pound.  &%FunctionQuantity ?QUANT, in this
case, refers to (&%PerFn &%CurrencyMeasure (&%MeasureFn &%RealNumber &%UnitOfMeasure)),
which reads something like X amount of money per Y unit.  This can be attached to
a &%PricingScheme ?PS by &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT") 
(domainSubclass unitPrice 1 Entity)
(domain unitPrice 2 FunctionQuantity)
(domain unitPrice 3 CognitiveAgent)
(domain unitPrice 4 PricingScheme)

(=>
  (unitPrice ?ENT ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS)
  (exists (?MEAS ?AMT ?UOM)
    (and
      (equal ?QUANT (PerFn ?MEAS (MeasureFn ?AMT ?UOM)))
      (instance ?MEAS CurrencyMeasure)))) 

(instance productPrice TernaryPredicate)
(documentation productPrice EnglishLanguage "(&%productPrice ?ENT ?QUANT ?AGENT) means
that &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT sells items of type &%Entity ?ENT for &%CurrencyMeasure 
?QUANT")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage productPrice "product price")

(domainSubclass productPrice 1 Entity)
(domain productPrice 2 CurrencyMeasure)
(domain productPrice 3 CognitiveAgent)
      
(=>
  (productPrice ?ENT ?PRICE ?AGENT)
  (modalAttribute
    (=>
      (and
        (instance ?S Selling)
        (immediateInstance ?I ?ENT)
        (patient ?S ?I)
        (agent ?S ?AGENT))
    (transactionAmount ?S ?PRICE)) Likely))
    
(=>
  (and
    (productPrice ?ENT 
      (MeasureFn ?PRICE1 ?U) ?AGENT)
    (instance ?U UnitOfCurrency)
    (publishedPrice ?ENT 
      (MeasureFn ?PRICE2 ?U) ?AGENT ?PS)
    (validFor ?PS ?CUSTCLASS)
    (instance ?ITEM ?ENT)
    (instance ?B Buying)
    (immediateInstance ?CUST ?CUSTCLASS)
    (agent ?B ?CUST)
    (origin ?B ?AGENT)
    (lessThan ?PRICE2 ?PRICE1))
  (modalAttribute
    (transactionAmount ?B ?PRICE1) Likely))
    
(instance rentalPrice QuaternaryPredicate)
(documentation rentalPrice EnglishLanguage "(&%rentalPrice ?OBJ ?PRICE ?AGENT ?PS) 
means that the &%CurrencyMeasure ?PRICE is paid for the use of &%Physical ?OBJ. 
&%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT sets this price with conditions stipulated in &%PricingScheme
?PS")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage rentalPrice "rental price")

(domainSubclass rentalPrice 1 Physical)
(domain rentalPrice 2 FunctionQuantity)
(domain rentalPrice 3 CognitiveAgent)
(domain rentalPrice 4 PricingScheme)

(=>
  (rentalPrice ?OBJ ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS)
  (exists (?DURATION ?CURR)
    (and
      (instance ?DURATION TimeDuration)
      (instance ?CURR CurrencyMeasure)
      (equal ?QUANT (PerFn ?CURR ?DURATION)))))
     
(=>
  (and
    (rentalPrice ?OBJ ?QUANT ?AGENT ?PS)
    (equal ?QUANT (PerFn ?PRICE 
      (measure ?TIME ?U)))
    (instance ?U UnitOfDuration)
    (immediateInstance ?ITEM ?OBJ)
    (instance ?R Renting)
    (patient ?R ?ITEM)
    (agent ?R ?CUSTOMER)
    (time ?R ?TIMEINT))
  (forall (?X)
    (=>
      (exists (?DURATION)
        (and
          (during ?TIMEINT ?X)
          (instance ?X TimeInterval)
          (duration ?X 
            (MeasureFn ?DURATION ?U))
          (lessThanOrEqualTo ?DURATION ?TIME)))
      (exists (?P)
        (and
          (instance ?P Payment)
          (destination ?P ?AGENT)
          (agent ?P ?CUSTOMER)
          (transactionAmount ?P ?PRICE))))))
    
(instance contractedRentalPrice TernaryPredicate)
(documentation contractedRentalPrice EnglishLanguage "(&%contractedRentalPrice ?OBJ 
?PRICE ?AGREEMENT) means that the conditions of rental of &%Physical ?OBJ
is stipulated in &%Agreement ?AGREEMENT entered into by &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT with
a customer.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage contractedRentalPrice "contracted rental price")

(domainSubclass contractedRentalPrice 1 Physical)
(domain contractedRentalPrice 2 FunctionQuantity)
(domain contractedRentalPrice 3 Agreement)

(=>
  (contractedRentalPrice ?OBJ ?QUANT ?AGREE)
  (exists (?DURATION ?CURR)
    (and
      (instance ?CURR CurrencyMeasure)
      (instance ?DURATION TimeDuration)
      (equal ?QUANT (PerFn ?CURR ?DURATION)))))

(=>
  (contractedRentalPrice ?OBJ ?QUANT ?AGREE)
  (exists (?SELLER ?CUSTOMER)
    (and
      (partyToAgreement ?SELLER ?AGREE)
      (partyToAgreement ?CUSTOMER ?AGREE)
      (modalAttribute
        (exists (?R ?O)
          (and
            (instance ?R Renting)
            (instance ?O ?OBJ)
            (patient ?R ?O)
            (agent ?R ?SELLER)
            (destination ?R ?CUSTOMER))) Obligation))))